Showing posts with label C. TV Advertising. Show all posts
Showing posts with label C. TV Advertising. Show all posts

Monday, 9 February 2015

Movie Clip Analysis

Editing, a brief history and development. 

Editing is when pieces of footage are manipulated(or edited) and added together to make a full length film that the audience is likely to see in the cinema.  Now-a-days editing is done digitally, using various different pieces of software for computers.

Editing is not only used to make sure that the film looks good for release but it's also used to combine all the different audio and visual aspects that come together to form the final film. Before computer editing everything was done by hand on film reals. This technique was called Splicing. As editing would require someone specifically trained to editing films as they would actually have to cut(splice) different pieces of film together. It was a very difficult and delicate job, as one wrong move could spell disaster for the entire sequence. However, they'd make a several copies of the original negatives, in case they screw up the editing. It's a lot like being able to save and reload a file on a computer.

Some cameras allow the film maker to do in-camera editing, to make small tweaks and changes to their shots right then and there. This also makes less work for the editor, as they then just have to combine the shots together, add a soundtrack and make it ready for cinema release. A second form of in-camera editing is shooting things in chronological order, so that when it comes to editing, it's very minimal and can just be tweaked and tidied up before the final cinema release.

Digital editing allows for a variety of different transitions between shots, such as, dissolve/cross-fade; wipe; cut; fade and many more. The two most commonly used transitions are cut & dissolve. Cuts are used to quickly change(cut) between different scenes. For example when Batman and Bane are talking at 0:25 the camera cuts between the faces of each character as they talk.



Above is the Sewer fight between Batman & Bane in The Dark Knight Rises, please watch this before continuing on with this scene this post.

Continuity 

Establishing shot. 
An establishing shot is often one of the first and it establishes a location or person. At 0:15 Bane begins to speak, the camera then pulls focus as Batman slowly turns to face Bane. Then at  0:21 the camera zooms in to a medium shot to fully establish Banes character.





180 Degree Rule

The 180 Degree is used to keep continuity, a good example of this is at 0:21-0:57(the fight on the walkway) The 180 degree rule isn't broken, until the cutaway to Bane's henchman at 0:58. When the film cuts back to the fight we see Bane & Batman have switched sides, as Catwomen(who was originally standing behind Batman) is now stand behind Bane(1:01).


Shot-reverse-shot

A shot reverse shot is a shot that's used to show two people talking without breaking the 180 degree rule. During the clip there is a shot-reverse-shot right at the very beginning, when Batman is talking to Catwomen.














Match on action. 

A match on action is when we see someone about to do something, such as put keys in a door, then we actually see the keys go into the lock. At 0:43 There's a match on action when Batman throws a punch in one scene and Bane catches it in the next. A match on action is when we start too see something happening in one scene and in the next scene we see that action completed. It's used often to carry the action(and the audience) between the two scenes.




Eyeline match
An eyeline match is when we see a character looking at something then we see what they are looking at. At 0:26(when Bane & Batman are first talking) there is an eyeline match. An eyeline match is when we see a character looking at something then we see what they are looking at. For example when we see Batman looking off-screen the next shot is then an eyeline match to bane which shows us that's Bane is what Batman was looking at.



Screen time

For the audience to identify with the protagonist or other main characters, it means that people will need to see said character(s) a lot throughout the film. In my sequence both the protagonist and antagonist are given plenty of screen time, often sharing the screen. Prior to my sequence the  
characters will have already been established and will have been given plenty of screen, however this is the first of several times they share screen time throughout the film. This also helps with the suspension of disbelief. Going into this film very few people knew that Bane would beat Batman, so giving the characters equal screen time makes it much harder to figure out who will win the fight.

Close ups 

A close up is used to draw attention to an object or show emotion on a persons face. At 0:16 & 0:35 there are close ups of both characters, however they are done from different angles, 0:16 is a close up of Batman, which is done from a high-angle where as 0:35 is a close up of Bane from a low angle, which makes him look bigger and as such connotes strength.










Point of view shots

A point of view shot is when we see what the character is seeing through their eye. A good example of this is in Zero Dark Thirty(2012) During the raid of the house, as Justin clears the stairs the camera is placed above the barrel of his rifle. Unfortunately there aren't any point of view shots in the sequence I have chosen. A point of view shot is when the camera has an angle that makes the viewer feel like they are watching things from the perspective of the character.

Reaction shots 

A reaction shot is when one character does something and the camera shows another characters reaction to it. At 0:44 when Bane catches Batmans punch, it shows Batman's face as he's shocked that Bane has caught his punch & is stronger than he first thought.


Shot variation 

The clip I have chosen uses a wide variety of different shots to give different perspectives of the fight. Examples are: 0:27, 0:46, 0:52, 1:47, 1:54. These include a range of different shots, such as; tracking, close up, shot-reverse-shot, over the shoulder, low angle, high angle, reaction

Montage

A montage is when several shots are filmed and rapidly edited together, montages are often used to indicate the passing of time or to quickly demonstrate how many things that character has done. One of the most famous examples of a montage is the training montage from Rocky 2(or any of the other Rocky films)

Providing or withholding information 

Providing or withholding information is when a film or certain sequence can give of withhold certain pieces of information to make the audience think certain things. In the sequence I have chosen not much information is given or withheld, the most note-worthy is the fact that towards the end of the fight(3:41) it is revealed that Bane has broken into Batman's armory. The fact that Bane is a member of the league of shadows/protege of Ra's Al Ghul is also revealed during this fight.

Parallel editing 

Parallel editing is when two things are happening at the same time but are edited together sot the audience knows they are happening at the same time, a good example of this is the bus scene from speed, Keanu Reeve's character is on the bus and Dennis Hopper's villain is in the car talking him about the bomb explaining what will happen if the bus goes less than 50mph. This is present in my sequence, at 1:23.









Editing Rhythm

Editing Rhythm is the speed that the sequence is edited at. The edits are fairly similar throughout the whole fight. At the beginning the edits are fairly slow and atmospheric, when the fight properly starts going the editing speeds up a small bit but by the end of it the editing slows back down to the slow pace that it was at before it started the fight.

Construction of time & space 

This is when time is constructed using various techniques such as time-lapses. Diagetic & implied types of different ways to show the passing of time. Diagetic is when we literally see time passing(timelapses). Implied is if we see a character get onto a train in the day and get's off when it's dark we would assume that time has passed due to the fact that it's gotten darker in the scene.  However, no such techniques are used in my sequence as everything is happening as we see it. A good example of a time lapse is from Breaking Bad.

Cutting to soundtrack

Cutting to soundtrack is exactly what is says on the tin. It's when the footage cuts in time with the music. This isn't present in my sequence due to the fact there is actually next to no score or soundtrack during the actual fight. The only evidence of this I can find in my sequence is at the very beginning, when the gate is shut on Batman, that is when the soundtrack abruptly ends just as the gate slams shut.

Multiple Points of view 

This is when several camera angles are used in quick succession to give us various points of view for the entire sequence. These technique isn't used to a massive extent during my clip, as it's mainly over-the shoulder, close up, & medium shots. However it is used in Saving Private Ryan during the Omaha beach scene.
Cutaways

A cutaway is when the film cuts to something that's happened in the past, for example, in Family Guy they're used quite a few times when Peter is remembering or explaining something he did previously in an earlier episode or in life. Cutaways are used in a quite a few things but   they must be to explain something that happened in the past otherwise it would be parallel editing.


Jump-cut 

Jump-cuts show an area in the film where there may have been a mistake and a few frames have been cut from the film to cover up said mistake. However Jump-cuts can be deliberately used to create distortion or throw the audience of what is happening. Some directors use jump cuts to dispose of unnecessary action or frames. An example of this is during the robbery scene in Snatch(2000).








Tuesday, 3 February 2015

Survey responses

Editing Quiz Answers

Q) What do the numbers 16:9 refer to?

A) 16:9 is the aspect ration of a widescreen video.

Q) What is the frame size of a 1080p video

A) 25i

Q) If you have a video that's 720:50P what is the frame rate and what does the P stand for?

A) P stands for Progressive Scan & the frame rate is 50p

Q) What's the different between P & I?

A) P shows a full frame one after the other. I show's half frames so that we see unfiled movement.

Q) What frame rate is real film shot at?

A) 24FPS

Q)What might be the advantages of a higher frame rate?

A) Things will be seen in greater detail and with better quality.

Q) What defines a lossy file?

A) A highly compressed file that has a smaller size as possible.

Q) Name three file types commonly used in video editing?

A) AVCHD, MOV & MPEG

Q) What's the difference between a video file type and a codec?

A) The file type is the container and the codec is how it gets compressed and decompressed.

Q) What is bitrate?

A) Bitrate is the rate at which the file processes information.

TV Advertisement Evaluation

1. The Brief.

For this assignment our brief was to identify, re-brand and re-market a Unilever product. We all chose products individually then came together in our groups to chose one to film. I chose Lynx body-spray. I was going to re-brand and market it for Women, however after some feedback from Ellie I changed it into a perfume(because a female body-spray was already on the market) When we got into our groups we decided to do Lynx as it would work best as an advert. Also, we could already visualize the advert in our head, so we decided to run with it.

 2. The Finished Product & Feedback.

A) To gather feedback on our finished product we all did a survey on survey monkey. I personally asked friends and family what they thought of it, so of those people did the survey some didn't. Word of mouth was the main way I collected feedback, it began in class with other students watching it & commenting and I then asked friends and family what they thought of it. The general feeling was that the advert was well made but could have been a bit smoother & it wasn't immediately clear what was being advertised.


B) As for getting the message across to the target audience I think we successfully achieved that with our advert. I think if we were able to get a larger portion of our target audience to watch our advert I think it would have an impact on them as it's relateable and works well within it's setting.
C) We didn't put too much thought into Mise-en-scene, but luckily due to our filming locations it didn't come back to haunt us. For the most part we filmed in Ellie's office, which looks very office-like as it is, we put a few folders on the desk and put the box we were going to use on there too. Luckily, the desk already had papers and such like on it already. One thing we could have done was check that there was no reflections on the box. There was only a small reflection in the finished advert, but I'd rather we would have checked it first and even re-filmed the scene if we had to, it doesn't make too much of an impact on the final production, it's just a bit annoying.
Camera work was done for the most part by Ehren, we all had an input to the filming and shared the filming, but he was most often behind the camera. Of course we all decided on the shot types, camera angles and so on as a group, but as Ehren had the most experience with a camera and the most technical knowledge AND he volunteered to do the filming, so it just sort of fell into place really. In the future I'd like to do more camera work to get better at it, so I can make better productions later on in the course.
 I did the bulk of the editing(with help from Josh & Ellie) however, Ehren did help in the final few stages and with some of the more detailed edits(such as colour effects and so on) Between us we also had planned to strip away most of the background noise as it was filled with voices and other unwanted sounds, but in the end we only pulled out most of it and left some in, but just over-layed various sounds to highlight parts of the advert. All members of the group did have a go at some editing, Which was good as we didn't leave it all to one person. However myself and Ehren did the bulk of the editing. I enjoyed doing some of the green screening edits on After Effects and Premier Pro, hopefully that's something I can do more of and get better at in the future.
As for sound, Charlie & Yasmin did look for royalty free music for our advert a few times but weren't able to find anything. Both took a bit of a back seat in the editing part, they helped with looking for sound, but in all fairness, they did most of the pre-production paper work so it all balanced itself out.

D)I think that the content in our advert is effective and fit for purpose. It does sell the product well, however it isn't 100% what it's selling until a little way into the advert. Due to it's simple narrative structure and easy to relate to premise I think that it does a fine job of selling the product to it's intended target audience.

E) For persuasion techniques we only really used one main one, which was relaxation/happiness. As the Women uses the perfume she drifts off into a day dream and comes back from said
daydream relaxed and happy. We thought this would appeal to office workers the most as it can get very stressful working in an office, perhaps more so than working in other places as you are cramped and confined into one small space.

F) The message we were trying to get across to the audience is that using Lynx Escape would relax them and make their day better. To do this, we set our advert in an office environment. We used Ellie's office as it's small and represent the stress and confinement of office work. But we had the box a light colour and as the perfume is used and introduced the colour gradually comes back into the screen to show that the Women is now a lot happier and is able to continue with her job stress-free.

G) Overall I do think that our advert is fit for purpose, everything works well. However I think we could make it look a little bit more profession, had we had better knowledge of green screen editing and so on, hopefully in the later projects they will look much better. I also think everything could be a bit smoother, but once again, that will come with practice and so on. After reading through ASA/ BCAP's Non-Broadcast codes(http://www.cap.org.uk/Advertising-Codes/Non-Broadcast.aspx)  "Marketing communications must not contain anything that is likely to cause serious or widespread offence"  That is a quote from BCAP's Non-broadcast codes about offence or harm, our advert causes neither. We have made sure that the advert isn't offensive to anyone (although I'm not sure how you could get offended by an advert about perfume that doesn't over sexualise it's characters)

3) Personal Reflection

A) Our finished advert is different to the our original intentions, due to complications and other issues. However originally we planned to have a slightly longer Hawaiian sequence and it looked differently in my head when we were planning it, however I think it turned out alright after all, besides, sometimes less is more.

B) Overall I am happy with the finished advert. Given the chance I would change a few things about it, such as; The box wouldn't have a reflection on it, the editing would smoother(no jump cuts) and I would try and make the green screening a bit better(now I know what I'm doing now)


Tuesday, 20 January 2015

Lynx TV Ad paperwork

Below is the pre-production paperwork for our Lynx perfume advert 

Friday, 5 December 2014

Unilever Prezi





Here is a link to the BCAP code from the ASA which specifies what can and cannot be included in UK TV adverts.

Here is a link to Ofcom's broadcasting code - this specifies more generally about what can be shown on UK TV.

History of the Code
The Code came into force in May 2005 and was initially drawn up to replace the codes Ofcom had inherited from its predecessors – including the Broadcasting Standards Commission and the Independent Television Commission.
It had to take into account the dramatic changes that had affected TV and radio. The UK was no longer a country with just four or five TV stations and the majority of homes now had access to many more digital TV and radio channels.
The Code was drawn up following extensive research amongst viewers, listeners and broadcasters – and we received more than 900 responses to our public consultation.
Since 2005 the Code has been revised on a number occasions, including clarifying rules around audience competitions and voting, the broadcast of sexual material rules and product placement.
(http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio/television/the-broadcasting-code/)